Field Notes/Support : Pharma

Pharmacokinetics (์•ฝ๋ฌผ๋™ํƒœํ•™)

Barry berry 2025. 4. 26. 00:35
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๐Ÿ’Š Pharmacokinetics (์•ฝ๋ฌผ๋™ํƒœํ•™)


๐Ÿ“˜ ๊ฐœ์š”

  • ์•ฝ๋ฌผ๋™ํƒœํ•™์€ ์ฒด๋‚ด์—์„œ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์˜ ํก์ˆ˜, ๋ถ„ํฌ, ๋Œ€์‚ฌ, ๋ฐฐ์„ค ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ˆ˜์น˜ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™๋ฌธ.
  • ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์•ฝ์–ด: ADME
    • Absorption (ํก์ˆ˜)
    • Distribution (๋ถ„ํฌ)
    • Metabolism (๋Œ€์‚ฌ)
    • Excretion (๋ฐฐ์„ค)

๐Ÿ“Œ 1. Absorption (ํก์ˆ˜)

ํ•ญ๋ชฉ ์„ค๋ช…

์ •์˜ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๋œ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด ํ˜ˆ๋ฅ˜๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •
์ฃผ์š” ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ, ํ”ผํ•˜, ๊ทผ์œก, ์ •๋งฅ ๋“ฑ
์˜ํ–ฅ ์š”์ธ pH, ์ง€์šฉ์„ฑ, ๋ถ„์žํฌ๊ธฐ, ์Œ์‹๋ฌผ, ํšจ์†Œ
๊ด€๋ จ ๊ฐœ๋… F (์ƒ์ฒด์ด์šฉ๋ฅ ): ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌํˆฌ์—ฌ ํ›„ ํ˜ˆ์ค‘ ๋„๋‹ฌ ๋น„์œจ (IV๋Š” 100%)

๐Ÿ“Œ 2. Distribution (๋ถ„ํฌ)

ํ•ญ๋ชฉ ์„ค๋ช…

์ •์˜ ํ˜ˆ๋ฅ˜์—์„œ ์กฐ์ง์œผ๋กœ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด ํผ์ง€๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •
์˜ํ–ฅ ์š”์ธ ํ˜ˆ๋ฅ˜๋Ÿ‰, ๋ชจ์„ธํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์„ฑ, ์กฐ์ง ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋ ฅ, ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋ฅ 
๊ด€๋ จ ์ง€ํ‘œ Vd (๋ถ„ํฌ์šฉ์ ): ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด ์ „์ฒด ์ฒด์•ก ์ค‘ ์–ด๋”” ํผ์กŒ๋Š”์ง€ ์ถ”์ •๐Ÿ’ก Vd ↑ → ์กฐ์ง์— ๋งŽ์ด ๋ถ„ํฌ, ํ˜ˆ์ค‘ ๋†๋„ ↓

๐Ÿ“Œ 3. Metabolism (๋Œ€์‚ฌ)

ํ•ญ๋ชฉ ์„ค๋ช…

์ •์˜ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด ๋” ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ฑ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •
์ฃผ์š” ์žฅ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ„ (Cytochrome P450์ด ๊ด€์—ฌ)
Phase 1 ์‚ฐํ™”, ํ™˜์›, ๊ฐ€์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํ•ด (์ฃผ๋กœ CYP ํšจ์†Œ)
Phase 2 ํฌํ•ฉ๋ฐ˜์‘ (glucuronidation, sulfation ๋“ฑ)
๋Œ€์‚ฌ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ ํ™œ์„ฑํ˜• or ๋น„ํ™œ์„ฑํ˜• or ๋…์„ฑ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ์žˆ์Œ

๐Ÿ“Œ 4. Excretion (๋ฐฐ์„ค)

ํ•ญ๋ชฉ ์„ค๋ช…

์ •์˜ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ๋œ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด ์ฒด์™ธ๋กœ ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •
์ฃผ์š” ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ์‹ ์žฅ(์†Œ๋ณ€), ๋‹ด์ฆ™(๋Œ€๋ณ€), ํ, ๋•€, ํƒ€์•ก
์ง€ํ‘œ Clearance (Cl): ํ˜ˆ์•ก์—์„œ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋˜๋Š” ์†๋„tโ‚/โ‚‚ (๋ฐ˜๊ฐ๊ธฐ): ํ˜ˆ์ค‘ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„

๐Ÿ“ˆ ์ฃผ์š” ์•ฝ๋™ํ•™ ์ง€ํ‘œ ์ •๋ฆฌ

์šฉ์–ด ์˜๋ฏธ

F (Bioavailability) ์ƒ์ฒด์ด์šฉ๋ฅ 
Vd (Volume of Distribution) ๋ถ„ํฌ์šฉ์ 
Cl (Clearance) ์ฒญ์†Œ์œจ
tโ‚/โ‚‚ (Half-life) ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ๊ธฐ
AUC (Area Under Curve) ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ๋…ธ์ถœ ์ •๋„
Cmax / Tmax ์ตœ๊ณ  ๋†๋„ / ๋„๋‹ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„

๐Ÿง  ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋…

ํ•ญ๋ชฉ ์„ค๋ช…

1์ฐจ ํ†ต๊ณผํšจ๊ณผ (First-pass effect) ๊ฐ„๋ฌธ๋งฅ → ๊ฐ„ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ƒ์ฒด์ด์šฉ๋ฅ  ์ €ํ•˜
์ผ์ฐจ๋ฐ˜์‘์†๋„/์ œ๋กœ์ฐจ๋ฐ˜์‘์†๋„ ๋†๋„ ์˜์กด์„ฑ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ์ฐจ์ด
์„ ํ˜•/๋น„์„ ํ˜• ์•ฝ๋™ํ•™ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰-ํ˜ˆ์ค‘๋†๋„ ๋น„๋ก€ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์œ ๋ฌด

๐Ÿ“š ์ฐธ๊ณ  ์ถœ์ฒ˜

  • Rang & Dale’s Pharmacology (9th Ed)
  • Goodman & Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (13th Ed)
  • Katzung BG. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology
  • FDA Clinical Pharmacology Guidance
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